ABSTRACT
Background: Street vending as a profession has been in existence in India since times immemorial. Poverty and lack of gainful employment in the rural areas and in the smaller towns drive large numbers of people to the city. Thus the present study is conducted to study socio-demographic profile, causes, addiction, morbidity pattern among street vendors. The objective of the present study is to study socio-demographic profile of street vendors, causes of street vending, addiction among street vendors, health problems faced by street vendors.Methods: The study was conducted in Shahagunj, where urban health training centre of Government Medical College Aurangabad is situated, for period of 2 months duration. All street vendors in the Shahagunj were included in the study. The purpose of study was explained to them. The survey was carried out with predesigned pretested questionnaire. The question related to socio-demographic characteristics, causes of street vending, addiction of smoking were asked.Results: About (29.6%) vendors belongs to age group 30-39, male participants are more in number, illiterate or educated up to primary school. Most of the vendors belongs to nuclear family, 71.25% vendors are migrated from other cities to seek employment, 73.6% vendors works with no holiday in a week. Vendors are addicted of tobacco chewing (27%), pan (6%) and cigarette (6%). Causes to become in informal sector are unable to fulfill requirement of formal sector 54%, only source of income 44% avoid tax is 2%. About 30% vendors are having health issues; maximum was musculoskeletal morbidities contributing 8.8%.Conclusions: Unable to fulfill requirement of formal sector and no other source of income are the major causes to be in the street vending.
ABSTRACT
Background: Hypertension is the commonest cardiovascular disorder, posting a major public health problem of the world and especially to population in socio-economic and epidemiological transition. Around 7.5 million deaths or 12.8% of the total of all annual deaths worldwide occur due to high blood pressure. It is predicted to be increased to 1.56 billion adults with hypertension in 2025. In India there is 24-30% of prevalence of hypertension in urban areas and 12-14% in rural areas. The objectives of the study were to find out the prevalence of hypertension in study population of 18 years and above and to study some socio-demographic factors affecting hypertension.Methods: A community based cross sectional study was carried out in urban slum area, under urban field practice area of a Govt. Medical College & hospital. Sample size of 360 participants of age more than 18 yrs residing in study area taken. Data collected by using systematic random sampling by house to house visit. A semi-structured & pretested questionnaire used to interview the patients after obtaining their consent. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 23. Appropriate statistical tests were applied.Results: The overall prevalence of hypertension was 30.5%. Out of 360 subjects, 47 (13%) found elevated hypertensive. Out of 110 hypertensive population nearly 53 (48%) were in older age group, nearly 60 (55%) were illiterate and 53 (48%) were unskilled workers out of 110 was found statistically significant (p<0.05).Conclusions: Prevalence of hypertension found to be 30.5%. Some socio-demographic factors like age, sex, education, occupation were statistically significant (p<0.05).
ABSTRACT
This is a prospective, randomized, double blind study to evaluate the postoperative analgesia following supraclavicular brachial plexus block with Tramadol or Dexamethasone as an admixture to bupivacaine in upper extremity surgery. Total 60 patients of ASA I and II undergoing upper extremity surgery under brachial plexus block with Bupivacaine were randomly divided in to two groups; one group received Tramadol (2 mg/kg) and the other group received Dexamethasone (8 mg) as an admixture to Bupivacaine. The duration of postoperative analgesia was recorded in both groups using pain VAS score which was determined by maximum VAS score of 8-10 and when patient demands for additional analgesics. The mean duration of postoperative analgesia in the Dexamethasone group was 1028.00 minutes while in the tramadol group it was 453.17 minutes We concluded that Dexamethasone with local anaesthetic prolongs postoperative analgesia significantly than Tramadol (P<0.05) when used as admixture to local anaesthetic in brachial plexus block in upper extremity surgery.